Keywords
Abstract
Lanthanide nitrates Ln(NO3)3(bpy)2 (Ln = Eu, Tb; bpy = 2.2'-bipyridine) exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields; 64% (Eu) and 78% (Tb); the energy transfer efficiency is ∼90% in the Eu complex, but exceeds 100% in [Eu(NO3)3(bpy)2]·bpy crystals containing noncoordinated bpy molecules. Using topological analysis of the electron density distribution obtained in a high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiment, the energies of Eu–N and Eu–O bonds and stacking interactions were estimated. A combination of optical and X-ray data enabled for the first time to experimentally identify the stacking-induced charge transfer (SICT) state between coordinated and noncoordinated bpy molecules in [Eu(NO3)3(bpy)2]·bpy crystals; this supramolecular antenna effect accounts for the enhanced sensitization efficiency and overall quantum yield of photoluminescence.